CALL can be generally categorized based on three teaching methodologies dominant in ELT : behavioristic CALL, communicative CALL, and integrative CALL.
📗 Behavioristic CALL
Behavioristic CALL is the first phase of CALL which included repetitive language drills which were later refere to as "drill and practice". It was based on the model of computer as tutor.
In other words, computer was seen as a medium to deliver instructional materials to learners.
PLATO system, which included vocabulary drills, short grammar explanations and drills, and translation exercises, is a good example for this phase. Behavioristic CALL was the floor to a new phase called communicative CALL, following the change in teaching approaches.
Computer as tutor
- Grammar
- Listening
- Pronunciation
- Reading
- Text reconstruction
- Vocabulary
- Writing
- Comprehensive
📘 Communicative CALL
Communicative CALL focuses on authentic communication and use of forms rather than the forms themselves. 3 different CALL models were used for communicative activities: computer as tutor, computer as tool and computer as stimulus.
Computer as Tool
- Word processing
- Grammar checkers
- Concordancers
- Collaborative writing
📙 Integrative CALL
Integrative CALL includes two important developments: multimedia and the Internet. Dustin is a good program which hypermedia is used for language learning. In addition, computer mediated communication and the Internet are used to help create an integrative communicative environment for language learning, and are great medium for global communication and various authentic materials.
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